Managing Laboratory Safety. Laboratory Audits. Annual Audit Specialty Audits. Biological Material Registration. Institutional Biosafety Committee Registration. Laser Registration. Registration and Program Information. Radioactive Material Permits. X-Ray Registrations. Bloodborne Pathogens Program. Hazard Communication Program HazCom. HazCom Program Information. Hazardous Material Transportation.
Safety Training Curriculum and Prerequisites. Training Records. Access Training Records and Print Certificates. Laboratory Safety. An integral trough shall be provided at the rear of the hood to collect wash-down water. Perchloric acid is a widely used reagent know to produce flammable or explosive reaction products; hence, the need to have wash down capabilities after each use to remove residues.
A watertight surface will contain any chemical spills or leaks from leaking to underneath hood. The ductwork shall provide a positive drainage slope back into the hood. Ductwork shall consist of sealed sections, and no flexible connectors shall be used. Where such is the likelihood, the hood must have a bag-out plenum for mounting such filters and fan capacity for proper operation of the hood with the filter installed.
The most appropriate location for the plenum is near the exhaust port of the fume hood i. Consult with the Radiation Safety Program for specific requirements. These hoods must provide appropriate worksurface heights, knee clearances, reach to controls, etc. Special Purpose Hoods: These hoods include enclosures for operations for which other types of hoods are not suitable e. Laboratory hoods and special local exhaust ventilation systems SLEV shall be labeled to indicate intended use e.
A label must be affixed to each hood containing the following information from the last inspection:. NFPA 45, Chapter Stanford determined it was appropriate to create a label with the above information. New hoods can be mounted above a chemical storage cabinet, provided that the cabinet meets the Uniform Fire Code requirements for construction. Recommend that solvent storage not be located under the laboratory fume hood, as this location is where fires are most likely to occur in laboratories.
Type stainless steel should be used for all parts of the fume hood system ventilation duct as long as compatibility is maintained. Fume hood interior surfaces shall be constructed of corrosion resistant, non-porous, non-combustible materials such as type stainless steel, and should be smooth and impermeable, with rounded corners.
Type stainless steel SS is specified to avoid corrosion, thereby extending fume hood life. Splashes of liquid containing radioactive materials can be easily cleaned when hoods are constructed of non-porous materials such as stainless steel. Perchloric acid digestion over time may result in the condensation and consequential formation of perchlorate crystals, which in large quantities pose an explosion hazard, especially if combined with organic chemical condensate.
Hood inserts are only permitted for radioactive iodination procedures specifically approved by the Stanford Radiation Safety Officer. Laboratory hoods shall be provided with a means of containing minor spills.
The means of containing minor spills might consist of a 6. The air foil at the front of the hood floor assures a good sweep of air across the working surface toward the back of the hood. This minimizes the generation of turbulents or eddy currents at the entrance to the hood. Adjustable baffles with horizontal slots must be present in the fume hood interior at the back and top. Locating the slots in this manner will attain reasonably uniform face velocity under different conditions of hood use as related to heat sources, size, and configuration of equipment in hood.
Before a new fume hood is put into operation, an adequate supply of make up air must be provided to the lab. A fume hood exhausts a substantial amount of air. For this reason, additional make up air must be brought into the room to maintain a proper air balance. Laboratory fume hoods shall provide a minimum average effective face velocity of feet per minute fpm , with a minimum of 70 fpm at any point.
An airflow indicator shall be provided and located so that it is visible from the front of the fume hood. Performance criteria for various airflow indicators are as follows:. Baffles shall be constructed so that they may not be adjusted to restrict the volume of air exhausted through the laboratory hood.
Fans should run continuously without local control from hood location and independently of any time clocks. If users have ability to shut off hoods or control their use with a time clock, there is a potential for users to conduct research in a hood that is not operating.
For new installations or modifications of existing installations, controls for laboratory hood services eg. Shutoff valves for services, including gas, air, vacuum, and electricity shall be outside of the hood enclosure in a location where they will be readily accessible in the event of fire in the hood. The location of such a shut-off shall be legibly lettered in a related location on the exterior of the hood. Exhaust fans shall run continuously without direct local control from laboratories.
Chemical fume hood exhaust fans should be connected to an emergency power system in the event of a power failure. This backup power source will ensure that chemicals continue to be exhausted. Emergency power circuits should be available for fan service so that fans will automatically restart upon restoration after a power outage and supply at least half of the normal airflow.
After power returns, the system shall continue operation, exactly as before, without the need for any manual intervention. Alarms shall require manual reset, should they indicate a potentially hazardous condition. Fume hood ventilating controls should be arranged so that shutting off the ventilation of one fume hood will not reduce the exhaust capacity or create an imbalance between exhaust and supply for any other hood connected to the same system.
In installations where services and controls are within the hood, additional electrical disconnects shall be located within 15m 50ft of the hood and shall be accessible and clearly marked. Exception: If electrical receptacles are located external to the hood, no additional electrical disconnect shall be required. Locating services, controls, and electrical fixtures external to the hood minimizes the potential hazards of corrosion and arcing.
Hood lighting shall be provided by UL-listed fixtures external to the hood or, if located within the hood interior, the fixtures shall meet the requirements of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. Light fixtures should be of the fluorescent type, and replaceable from outside the hood.
Light fixtures must be displaced or covered by a transparent impact resistant vapor tight shield to prevent vapor contact. Fluorescent bulbs radiate less heat than conventional bulbs while maintaining a safe and illuminated work area inside the hood.
The valves, electrical outlets and switches for utilities serving hoods should be placed at readily accessible locations outside the hood. All shutoff valves should be clearly labeled. Plumbing e. Hoods shall have transparent movable sashes constructed of shatter-resistance, flame resistant material and capable of closing the entire front face. Vertical-rising sashes are preferred. If horizontal sashes are used, sash panels horizontal sliding must be 12 to 14 inches in width.
Sashes may offer extra protection to lab workers since they can be positioned to act as a shield. Manifolded fume hood exhaust ducts shall be joined inside a fire rated shaft or mechanical room, or outside of the building at the roofline.
Horizontal ducts must slope at least 1 inch per 10 feet downward in direction of airflow to a suitable drain or sump. Liquid pools and residue buildup which can result from condensation may create a hazardous condition if allowed to collect.
Ducts exhausting air from fume hoods should be constructed entirely of non- combustible material. Gaskets should be resistant to degradation by the chemicals involved and fire resistant. Automatic fire dampers shall not be used in laboratory hood exhaust systems. Fire detection and alarm systems shall not be interlocked to automatically shut down laboratory hood exhaust fans. Fire dampers are not allowed in hood exhaust ducts.
Normal or accidental closing of a damper may cause an explosion or impede the exhausting of toxic, flammable, or combustible materials in the event of a fire. Any other type of fan orientation increases the fan work load and increases the risk of exhaust emission re-entrainment.
Hood exhaust stacks shall extend at least 7 feet above the roof. Discharge shall be directed vertically upward. If parapet walls are present, EHS recommends that stacks extend at least 2 feet above the top of a parapet wall or at least 7 feet above the roof, whichever is greater. Hood exhausts shall be located on the roof as far away from air intakes as possible to preclude re-circulation of laboratory hood emissions within a building. For toxic gas applications, the separation distance shall be at least 75 feet from any intake.
Discharge from exhaust stacks must have a velocity of at least 3, fpm. Achieving this velocity should not be done by the installation of a cone type reducer. The duct may be reduced, but the duct beyond the reduction should be of sufficient length to allow the air movement to return to a linear pattern. Fume hood exhaust is not required to be treated e. In this instance, the fume hood exhaust treatment system must be approved by the SU Radiation Safety Officer prior to installation and use.
Laboratory ventilation exhaust fans shall be spark-proof and constructed of materials or coated with corrosion resistant materials for the chemicals being transported. V-belt drives shall be conductive. Vibration isolators shall be used to mount fans.
Flexible connection sections to ductwork, such as neoprene coated glass fiber cloth, shall be used between the fan and its intake duct when such material is compatible with hood chemical use factors. Each exhaust fan assembly shall be individually matched cfm, static pressure, brake horsepower, etc. Exhaust fans shall be located outside the building at the point of final discharge.
Each fan shall be the last element of the system so that the ductwork through the building is under negative pressure. An exhaust fan located other than at the final discharge point can pressurize the duct with contaminated air.
Fume hood ducts must be maintained under negative pressure. Fans shall be installed so they are readily accessible for maintenance and inspection without entering the plenum. If exhaust fans are located inside a penthouse, PPE needs for maintenance workers shall be considered.
Wind engineering evaluations should be conducted for all wind directions striking all walls of a building where fume hood exhaust is likely to have significant ground level impact, or is likely to affect air intake for the same nearby buildings. Emergency generator exhaust should be considered in the wind engineering study. System design must provide for control of exhaust system noise combination of fan-generated noise and air-generated noise in the laboratory.
Acceptable SPL may vary depending on the intended room use. The issue of ventilation in cold rooms during periods of occupancy or for storage of hazardous materials must be addressed. Cold Rooms used only for the storage of non-hazardous materials do not require ventilation in addition to that specified by the manufacturer.
Specialty rooms, designed for human occupancy must have latches that can be operated from the inside to allow for escape. Latches and frames shall be designed to allow actuation under all design conditions, such as freezing. Magnetic latches are recommended. Doors of walk-in specialty rooms must have viewing windows and external light switches.
Proper operation of fume hoods must be demonstrated by the contractor installing the fume hood prior to project closeout. See certification requirements, Section 3. Baum, Melvin W. This section presents the minimum requirements for eyewash and shower equipment for the emergency treatment of the eyes or body of a person exposed to hazardous substances. A plumbed eyewash shall be provided at all work areas where formaldehyde solutions in concentrations greater than or equal to 0.
Substances classified by the manufacturer or distributor according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals GHS as Category 1 serious eye damage or Category 2A irritant eye hazards. Substances identified by the manufacturer or distributor as causing corrosion, severe irritation, or permanent tissue damage to the eyes. Provisions for Emergency Showers. A plumbed emergency shower shall be provided for all work areas where, during normal operations or foreseeable emergencies, areas of the body may come into contact with a substance which is corrosive or severely irritating to the skin or which is toxic by skin absorption see box below.
Substances classified by the manufacturer or distributor according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals GHS as Category 1 skin corrosion or Category 2 skin irritation skin hazards. Substances identified by the manufacturer or distributor as corrosive or severely irritating to the skin.
Substances identified by the manufacturer or distributor as toxic by skin absorption. Laboratories and laboratory support facilities using and handling hazardous substances will generally require eyewash and safety showers. Biological laboratories using bleach and other chemical disinfectants will generally require eyewash and safety showers. For new construction and major renovations, careful consideration should be given to not only current, but also future use of the laboratory as research needs change.
Without an emergency eyewash and safety shower, future use of hazardous materials in the space will be restricted or require potentially costly retrofitting. Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall be on the same level as the hazard and accessible for immediate use in locations that require no more than 10 seconds for the injured person to reach.
The path of travel must be free of obstructions. If both eyewash and shower are needed, they shall be located so that both can be used at the same time by one person. The average person covers a distance of approximately 55 ft. Other potential hazards that may be adjacent to the path of travel that might cause further injury should be considered.
One intervening door can be present so long as it opens in the same direction of travel as the person attempting to reach the emergency eyewash and shower equipment and the door is equipped with a closing mechanism that cannot be locked to impede access to the equipment i.
The path of travel shall be clearly identified with signage. Emergency eyewash and shower locations must be identified with a highly visible sign positioned so the sign is visible within the area served by eyewash and shower equipment.
The areas around the eyewash or shower must be well lit. No obstructions shall be located within 16 inches from the center of the spray pattern of the emergency shower facility. Note: The eyewash is not considered an obstruction. No electrical apparatus or receptacles electrical outlets shall be located within a zone measured 3 feet horizontally and 8 feet vertically of eyewash stations or showers.
If a volt outlet or receptacle is present within 6 feet of an eyewash or shower, it shall be equipped with a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter GFCI. Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall not be limited in the water supply flow rates.
If shut off valves are installed in the supply line for maintenance purposes, provisions shall be made to prevent unauthorized shut off. Where feasible, floor drains should be installed below or near safety showers, with the floor sloped sufficiently to direct water from the shower into the sanitary sewer drain. Floor drains will minimize the potential for excessive flooding, which may damage laboratory facilities and equipment, interrupt laboratory operations, cause a reluctance to use the safety shower or to use it for a sufficient amount of time, and create a slipping hazard.
Floor drains will also facilitate required monthly testing. Any floor drain which may be in service during safety shower use shall be installed with a temporary plug which remains closed except when the shower is in use or protected from spills by a covered sump or berm system.
The installation of a floor drain, temporary plug, covered sump, or berm shall not project into the walking surface so as to create a tripping hazard.
Walkways shall be stable, planar, flush, and even to the extent possible. The installation of a berm must not impede the flow of water from the emergency shower into the floor drain.
Drains will minimize the potential for excessive flooding, which may damage laboratory facilities and equipment, interrupt laboratory operations, cause a reluctance to use the eyewash or to use it for a sufficient amount of time, and create a slipping hazard. Drains will also facilitate required monthly testing.
Modesty curtains should be considered for emergency showers. When installed, a minimum unobstructed area of 34 inches shall be provided.
The removal of contaminated clothing while using a safety shower is essential. Modesty curtains remove a potential impediment to use and encourage the removal of contaminated clothing. Proper operation of the equipment must be verified by the contractor installing the emergency eyewash or shower equipment prior to project closeout and facility occupation.
Tags to allow monthly testing records to be kept must be affixed to the showers and eyewash fountains. By testing the equipment, Stanford can be assured that it is working properly before the users begin their research.
Plumbed eyewash and shower equipment shall be activated at least monthly to flush the line and to verify proper operation. Such equipment shall meet all applicable requirements. Supplemental equipment, including personal eyewash units or drench hoses which meet the requirements of ANSI Z Water hoses, sink faucets, or showers are not acceptable eyewash facilities.
The Guide applies to all Stanford University facilities, including leased properties. It covers all unfired pressure vessels i. Note that there are numerous regulations governing the proper use of compressed gas cylinders; use is not addressed by the Guide, as it is a work practices issue, rather than design feature.
Adequate space shall be made available for the segregation of gases by hazard class. Flammable gases shall not be stored with oxidizing agents. Separate storage for full or empty cylinders is preferred. Such enclosures shall serve no other purpose. Work practice issues: Oxygen cylinders shall not be stored near highly combustible materials, especially oil or grease, or near any other substance likely to cause or accelerate fire per 8 CCR d. Liquefied fuel-gas cylinders shall be stored in an upright position so that the safety relief device is in direct contact with the vapor space in the cylinder at all times.
The heating of flammable gas storage areas shall be indirectly heated, such as by air, steam, hot water, etc. Laboratory design shall include restraints for the storage of cylinders greater than 26 inches tall; the restraint system shall include at least 2 restraints made of non- combustible materials , which are located at one-third and two-thirds the height of the cylinder.
A restraint system of chains, metal straps, or storage racks provides a reliable method of securing gas cylinders. Chains or metal straps at the bottom and top one third of each cylinder provides protection against tipping and falling. Verify locations, types, and color temperatures with users.
Verify locations with users. General: single outlets at 0. Special bench power requirements to be verified. Class A, chemical fume hood with remotely located exhaust blower. Class II, types A, B2, or B3, depending on specific application, with remotely located exhaust blower. Epoxy resin in laboratory spaces where fume hood or chemically rated biological hood is installed. Stainless steel in spaces where biologically contaminated evidence is to be placed on the work surface.
Chemical resistant plastic laminate in all other laboratory spaces not identified above. Standard plastic laminate in nonlaboratory spaces such as offices, conference rooms, Laboratory sinks. Epoxy resin in epoxy resin countertops, all other locations stainless steel.
At all clean sinks. Verify other special locations with users. Located at the entrance to every laboratory section. Used only to wash hands upon leaving a laboratory section. Provide lab coat hangers. Provide cabinetry for storage of soap, paper towels, rubber gloves, and other protective garments as determined necessary by the users. At all epoxy resin sinks and fume hood cup sinks. May include dilution system, neutralizing filters, or holding vessels, depending on local authority and plumbing design.
Recommended minimum of 12 to 15 air changes per hour, direct exhaust to exterior. Washable finishes. Shall be designed as an interlock between clean and dirty spaces with air handled through differential pressurization to prevent exfiltration of contaminated air.
Shall contain all the features of the clean sink areas described above. Minimum size: 5. Exhaust system to expel both heavier- and lighter-than-air vapors. Laboratory floors. Laboratory walls. Laboratory ceilings. Nonlaboratory spaces. Standard laboratory casework with utility access space behind base cabinets Steel or wood preferred, plastic laminate acceptable.
Maximize use of flexible laboratory casework systems. Generally, one four-drawer filing cabinet, or the equivalent file storage space, should be provided for each analyst at the area of the nonlaboratory workstation. Reflective surfaces. Vibration-proof flooring. High-strength flooring. Universal Facility Design Components Although no two forensic laboratories are alike, there are basic functional components and areas that are universal to most laboratory buildings.
The following set of checklists serve as recommended guidelines and requirements for universal laboratory building components, and have been divided into four categories: administrative, building, technical support, and general technical.
Based on existing space standards, if any. Shared offices or open office systems furniture. Book stacks. Periodicals shelves. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HVAC equipment rooms. Air handling systems. Fume and biological hood exhaust equipment. Central plant water treatment systems. Domestic hot and cold water systems. Fire extinguishing systems and sprinkler control rooms.
Instrument gas manifold and distribution systems. Data line provisions. Service entrance and main switch gear. Emergency generator. Uninterruptable power supply UPS equipment.
Electrical closets. Electrical service panels. Lunch room. Break room s. Locker rooms with showers. Rest rooms. Lab coat cleaning. Shipping and receiving. Hazardous waste disposal. Compressed gas cylinder storage. General waste disposal. General laboratory storage. General supplies storage. Long-term files storage. Chemical storage. Evidence receiving and return counter from and to submitting agencies. After-hours secure evidence lockers. Evidence disbursal and return counter to and from laboratory sections.
Evidence custodian workstations: minimum 5. Evidence supervisor office: minimum Evidence workroom. Evidence drying. Workbench space: 3. One shop sink per bay. Laser or remote fiber light source. At Spectro, a team works together for you to shape your dreams into creating a world class lab. So if you are a lab manager, facilities manager, Engineer or contractor who is planning, budgeting, or setting up a new lab or expanding existing facilities, we can help with tailored solutions that meet your specific requirements.
We can help coordinate the procurement, delivery, and installation of a fully Operational laboratory. You gain access to a staff of experts experienced in new lab setup, as well as sourcing for the majority of your equipment and Instrumentation needs.
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